I think what you are describing is a simpler version of Pamela's New Workout.
https://www.modulargrid.net/e/alm-busy-circuits-pamela-s-new-workout

Also take look at the different trigger sequencing modules by Noise Engineering.
To make a swing beat, you can send a LFO to another LFO-pitch CV, and then patch that to the clock-in on any module that takes triggers.

The Zularic Repetitor has extra 'random' modes that do basically what you are asking for.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58c709192e69cf2422026fa6/t/5a7f30df24a694ef190c40e9/1518285030012/ZR_manual.pdf