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Thanks, I'm still playing with this patch and have just added a DnB beat to it and a bit of a Bass line. There's a lil' snippet here https://www.instagram.com/reel/CWmAGw4qP-J/
One of our cats likes USB cables etc and there are a few teeth marks in a patch cable or two so I do have to supervise her!

Heard a Crackling!!! Is the cat's new name Sparky?!

EDITED Nov 24th 2021, 17:45

Id suggest a Soundmachine LS1 lightstrip or two to have tactile control and instant release over whatever parameter you want.

I've heard not so great things about the Endorphin.es 1u compressor. I would suggest going with their 1u mixer as it has built in sidechaining. You can get your drums all mixed together and sent to whatever other system you want.

Where can these tile carriers be bought?

-- Broken-Form

Most should be available from the webshop (some sizes just went out of stock I guess...) :

http://www.xodes.net/product/fc313-eurorack-triple-row-intellijel-1u-3u-format-changer

http://www.xodes.net/product/fc313-eurorack-triple-row-intellijel-1u-3u-format-changer-wide

If you're in Europe, 3U-shop has all the sizes possibly available with M3 rails. It may be a good occasion to also get some NLC kits :

https://www.3u-shop.de/c/marken/xodes

Schneidersladen only has 10/14/20/24HP with M3 rails.

In the UK, Elevator Sound has 6/10/12/14HP with M3 rails, while Signal Sounds have 10/14HP only in both M2.5 and M3... And Thonk should soon have all sizes with both M2.5 and M3 rails!

In the USA, Mission Synths has 6/10/12/14HP and Perfect Circuit has the full line, both with M3 rails only.

All of the links are indeed on the "dealers" page :

https://www.xodes.net/dealers

A 28HP version may be available by the end of the year, and prices for the full line should be slightly adjusted by 2022.

As of now, these only work with modules in Intellijel format. Prototypes have been assembled already for a hybrid Pulp Logic / Intellijel version, and there are cases in which it's rather difficult to use, so these haven't been released yet.

Thoroughly enjoyed that! Thanks for the patch description. That’s a level I haven’t reached yet - I still feel like I’m patching in a very vanilla kinda way.

And yes, I love the guest star. I’d really like to have my cats around while I’m noodling, but my big Maine Coon decided it would be fun to “mark” a power strip in my studio so they’re banned for life! I was lucky to be in the next room and I heard the crackling. Could have been very bad indeed. Cheers!

Mikrokosm.

Using a white noise signal from Qubit Nanorand2 as a sound pad thru Mutable Instruments Rings in chord mode. The pad is filtered and delayed by Prism. Reverb from Happy Neerding FX AID XL .

Drums from Intellijel Plonk thru Qubit Databender for glitches. Nanorand2 send a random signal to plonk v/oct to get glitch kind sound too. Those two signal glitches: Plonk out to Databender, and Nanorand2 rand to Plonk v/oct are manually trigger thru Instruo Tain switch. To get more glitchy like sound, Instruo [1]f crossfader making the cross signal to select patches in Plonk, between manually thru Intellijel Triplatt and pre-programmed from Squarp Instruments Hermod allows me fun while jamming :).

Bass from Mutable Instruments Plaits kick model.

Bellish melody from Rings in fm mode thru Noise Engineering desmodus Versio.

Mixed and mastered in ableton live.

EDITED Nov 24th 2021, 14:19

Nice track with a great, complex arrangement. Thanks for also posting the hi-fi version - it sounds sooooo much better. :-)

That’s excellent! Really enjoyed listening to that. Thanks for sharing.

The Eurorack 1U landscape is developing at the moment. Convenient for travel. I'm starting to think about a standalone setup only based on this format.

Endorphin.es is coming. Mosaic, and Intellijel of course, have a great offer. Etc. And Xodes (XO) has created a series of format changers. They allow using 1U modules in a 3U case by creating 1U rows. Perfect for combining with some Picos or 2hps, for example.

-- Sweelinck

Where can these tile carriers be bought?

-- Broken-Form

That is one of the great mysteries of life, no one really knows… It is rumored to have appeared only once, around the time Jesus turned water into wine.
Or……..
Or you can find that out for yourself by heading to the manufacturer’s page, and order from there or from the dealers listed in their “dealers” section. It may sound hard but if you believe in yourself, I’m sure you can figure it out. I have faith.

/s

Audio: Minibrute 2S Osc 1+2, Plaits Particle Noise, µOsc-II Chords, 2hp Pluck, Disting mk4 sampled flute.
Random: Minibrute 2S Sequencer, 2hp TM+Tune, Marbles.

if your 2nd 'skiff' is the same size you'd be better off with a Mantis - more space as no rack wart, better power and probably cheaper too!

as for this skiff - too many sound sources not enough modulation - for this many voices I would want a case twice the size - more modulation, more filters (one for each vco), more vcas and just more utilities in general

consider mutable veils to eke another 2hp out of it too, you'd also probably be better of with plaits over the micro clone of it's discontinued forebear

I would consider sharing skiff 2 as well - module recommendations are probably best based on the whole thing - mixing and midi->cv - rather than just half the intended rack

to get more variety out of a modular I think (at leasst loosely):

sound sources < sound modifiers < modulation sources < utilities

is a significantly better idea than anything else

The Eurorack 1U landscape is developing at the moment. Convenient for travel. I'm starting to think about a standalone setup only based on this format.

Endorphin.es is coming. Mosaic, and Intellijel of course, have a great offer. Etc. And Xodes (XO) has created a series of format changers. They allow using 1U modules in a 3U case by creating 1U rows. Perfect for combining with some Picos or 2hps, for example.

-- Sweelinck

Where can these tile carriers be bought?

Polyphony on modular/eurorack is getting easier. I have an Acid labs Chainsaw polyphonic module on order and will try it out.
That said certain styles of music like trance and house are easier with a polyphonic fixed hardware synth like a Roland Jupiter X or Prophet X since they have 10 voices, filters, arpeggio, sequencer, FX and even drums on some Roland synths included.
-- sacguy71

Exactly, fixed hardware synths are certainly better for some applications, but polyphony in eurorack is not that complicated or expensive anymore. The different way of controlling them can be a bit limiting in some ways, but I would argue that that's also inspiring. And with modules like the polycinematic, we're getting closer and closer to having something very similar to fixed hardware poly synths in eurorack too.

Marbles is an extraordinary module. I can't think of an equivalent, it is like no other. I often work in this way of randomization. Marbles is a sun king.
To complete, some modules to consider for a small rack: Rnd Step, Ochd; one can also think of Nano Rand, Quantum Rainbow, and some Doepfer modules including the A-118-2.

This will be my first half of my Beep Boop skiffs.

Why did I choose a 104hp skiff?

Because it was cheaper than spending ungodly amounts of money on a case that could fit my basic needs.
So I went with the Moog 104hp Skiff. Very sleek and very wide, and it fits on my desk where I will be using it 90% of the time.

So, what do I plan to do with this contraption? I'm so glad you asked...

I want to shape and record tones and synth patches that I can use to make all the things youd find in dance music, or just any electronic music in general.

I'll be using the uMidi to receive MIDI notes that I write in Ableton live whether it be chords to arpeggiate, bass lines, even kick drums that I will be synthesizing.

If I'm going to be using an external sequencing process, then why do I have a clock?

I have Pam's NEW Workout because I also want to experiment with generative patches and Pam's has plenty of tools for that. plus with the next half of my build (skiff number two) I'll need clock/trigger/gate sources.
Recording things during generative experimentation is going to be important if I want to have a simple blip in my music because I can just record 30 mins of me playing around, save the audio, slice it up, sample it, what have you. So I chose some things that would compliment both basic synth patch making, and experimental sound design.

The first being the Disting mk4. Its super versatile in many things, making it a very important part of unlocking the functionality of my build.

Next we have the Kinks and Links by Mutable Instruments. I chose these two for mainly the shape and distribution if CV throughout my system. More importantly, because I want to have the option of shaping and modulating things in the second skiff.

After that, I have my first VCO. The Osiris by Modbap. The reason I chose this sound source because of all the sounds you can get out of it. Plus, it has a few tools of its own that make the sound shaping oh so fun. Many options and many possibilities.

Then we have the STO by Make Noise. Now I use to want the Even VCO because of the octave switching capabilities, and that was going to be for making the thump of a synthetic kick drum. However, I decided on the STO because I felt like I didnt need the basic waveforms Even VCO comes with, plus there's a few cool little tricks that come with the STO such as a sub gate, and timbre changes. Perfect for shaping a nice thick dance kick drum.

Next is the uBraids II by Calsynth. It is a clone of the Braids module by Mutable Instruments. I needed a digital touch to the build, and I like some of the presets of the original braids so i figured why not. Also, upon reading about their company, I found out that the developer of this module was a synth tech for people like, "Lou Reed, The Smashing Pumpkins, Rufus Wainwright, Sheryl Crow, The B-52s, The Go-Gos and dozens of others." Absolutely amazing. That sold me on it for sure.

After that we have the Polaris, the Quadra, and the Quad VCA by Intellijel. Polaris sounds like a great filter and it has many modulation options for how you want it to sound. Pairing that and the Quadra can help me make those moog like filter sweeps and plucky synths you'd hear in a Deadmau5 song. Goals.

Last but not least we have the Quad VCA, which will that all my audio sources and CV sources, give them a little boost of energy, and also create a complete mix of my signals to pass onto the FX Aid by Happy Nerding, which has so many effects that it boggles the mind. All of that going into my mixer and into my computer for recording. Yum.

So yeah. Thats my plan. Hope you guys enjoy and I hope this build comes to fruition someday.

Yes, Assimil80r is loaded with drum sounds. The kick and snare are being fattened with Plaits drums so they're both a mixture of sample and physical modelling.

This one is a simpler tune, but in some of my others I'm switching the kicks/snares/hats on the assimil8or with NerdSeq CV outs. Each bar (or even beat) has a different sample.

The Squid Salmple is something I am interested in for (possibly) a more immediate UI for some on the fly sampling. As it is, I'm still groking the assimil8or.

Sounds trippy nice job. Did you use the Assimil8or for drums? I’ve been using my Squid Salmple for drum beats lately.

Thanks for the kind words. Rack is finalized, although I may move some things around later. Hastily mixed hi-fi version here:

https://dspkills.bandcamp.com/track/jenkrut

Hi Liquidcolor,

Great video with a nice view over your rack! Great track full of energy :-) It's interesting to see your rack in action, especially with the lots of interesting and fun sounds!

Thanks a lot for sharing this with us and kind regards, Garfield.

Hello Morellofabio,

That's indeed a very weird problem :-) Sounds like if the module wouldn't save the new firmware update or something like that, as if it all forgets about it after a power down... Strange...

Please keep us updated how it goes and what Intellijel tells you/ask you to check. Good luck and kind regards, Garfield.

Polyphony on modular/eurorack is getting easier. I have an Acid labs Chainsaw polyphonic module on order and will try it out.
That said certain styles of music like trance and house are easier with a polyphonic fixed hardware synth like a Roland Jupiter X or Prophet X since they have 10 voices, filters, arpeggio, sequencer, FX and even drums on some Roland synths included.

Excited for you on the beginning of your modular journey!

I will +1 the opinion that creating a small setup is a reasonable approach, even for someone new to modular. I've gotten much enjoyment from my first (and still unfilled) 84HP rack and am glad I didn't start big. By having just a few modules, I push each one's capabilities, and push myself to learn things really well, without breaking the bank. And if I'm not really vibing with a module 100%, I trade it and send it on its way to a new home.

In addition to reading reviews/watching videos, the most helpful approaches and resources to me when I was planning my first small setup were:

1. Reading the manuals of modules I was interested in before making a purchase. Often a feature I assumed was there was not, the voltage range was too small for my purposes, etc.

2. Building a "dream setup" like you've done and then sketching out patches in ModularGrid or VCV rack beginning to end. I would think, "OK, I want a bass lead... that's a square wave... with pitch I can control... from a sequencer... but I need less attack, so..." I did this exercise for entire imagined songs. This helped me see which features were either maxed out or unused. I actually created a ModularGrid rack that was three times larger than my actual target case size. It was a great way to keep two rows of "maybes" while I planned.

3. Trying it out for real, one or two pieces at a time. If you can't try before you buy in a shop or with a friend, purchase online. Worst case, many retailers offer 30-day return policies with a modest restocking fee, or modules can be resold independently for near-MSRP, as they hold value well when in good condition. There are affordable multipurpose modules, like the much-maligned Cre8Audio Mr. Phil Ter (Filter + VCA + EG for $100), that can let you get hands-on with multiple features to learn what you need more or less of without incurring a huge financial risk. You may not keep it forever, but something like that is a good learning tool that will also give insight on other things you may not have considered, like "Can I turn these tiny dials?" or "Do I really need voltage control of [parameter XYZ]?" or "Can I cope if this feature doesn't have an LED indicator?" (For me, the prospect of spending $400+ for a suite of "proper" filters, VCAs, and EGs was pretty daunting when I didn't know what would prove useful for me personally. And I feel guilty when I spend a lot of money on something only to not get much use out of it.)

4. Researching brands. There are some brands I won't buy out of ethical concerns. Not everyone feels that way, but I recommend doing the research before you rack something if that kind of thing matters to you.

Just my $0.02. Good luck; have fun!

Just Friends has individual signal inputs and individual outputs (as well as a mix output). By itself you can use it to play the over- and undertone series and other relations between the manifold generators, but with Crow or Teletype you get control over each voice individually, letting you program your own sequencer/sequence. That's definitely polyphonic.

Edit: oh, and also things like Bitbox mk2.

EDITED Nov 23rd 2021, 22:12

I can't imagine a trying to sequence a module like that - having to remember the exact voltages required to get the required gender and degree of a chord - and the pain in the ass trying to get the rest of the v/oct into tune with the chord - and I've never seen one with individual gate ins or, for that matter, outputs - so they're probably all paraphonic and not truly polyphonic

I use a sinfonion - which potentially solves all those issues - but I do use a general cv for chords (which I guess is technically paraphonic too)

Thank you for the detailed replies everyone.

I now believe I have a clear path of what I need to take my rack in the direction I want to go.

I think the next module I will go with is Veils after more research. The updated version is really neat!

Although the fx aid xl that Jim mentioned is very very tempting. I've instantly fallen in love with it after seeing a few demos. Is there that much of a difference between the fx aid xl versus the fx aid, aside from the extra CV to control the settings?

I'll be DIYing a few things too, like my case, the aim now is 12U/104HP that I'll slowly be filling over the next few years or so. Could also get away with a DIY stereo mixer, hopefully that's not too bad.

Thanks again!
-- unclepeter

No problem - good you found some use for our ramblings!

fx aid: xl is bigger - so better ergonomics (because the knobs have more space) as well as the added advantage of extra modulation inputs

for a DIY stereo mixer I'd consider the tesseract tex-mix - you can expand it with as many mono and stereo channels as you want (4 at a time) and the smd is already done for you so just panel furniture and headers to solder!

1) VCAs. The more the merrier right? My DIY Dual VCA is doing well, but I often find myself needing more control, both over audio signals and CV. Modules that I've been considering for this are Intellijel Quad VCA and Mutable Instruments Blinds.

Veils is an excellent option. I own the Intellijel quad VCA and it is fantastic.

2) Random CV modulation. This is a big one for me. I've been on a quest to create quasi-random CV and LFOs for my ambient generative patches. I've been able to get away with it a bit using Tides and some CV mixing. I love randomly modulating the voices I use! From my research so far, I hear Mutable Instruments Marbles is great for this.

I have marbles which is great for this. But I'm also thinking that you have stages, which (if you update to the qiemem firmware) gives you a 4th stage-type, which is Random CV. Worth looking into and could shift your focus away from a random module and more towards supplementing your EGs. Just a thought.

Hi Morellofabio,

• So you did check the module alone in a rack without all the other modules and it still doesn't work?
• Not very likely but if your rack is pretty full with modules you might have reached the maximum power consumption, in that case pull out a few power hungry modules and try again
• You did check the power cable connections on both sides (at the PCB of the module and at the bus board of your rack)? Careful please, it looks like the Plonk doesn't have a boxed pin header so make sure indeed the -12 V (red line) is connect to the PCB where also that white line has been indicated and -12 V has been written. Same goes for the bus board connection
• If that all still doesn't work, try to use a 10-pole power cable from one of your modules you are 100% sure it works and check again
• Now test the other way around, take one of the modules you are 100% sure of that it works, test that module, remember at which bus board header you connected it, does this module indeed work well? It should, right? Okay now remember to take this same bus board header again and now connect your troubled-Plonk module exactly at that bus header, does it work now?
• Still not? Did you try to install the latest firmware? (Again? Perhaps previously went something wrong?)
• Still not? Well there is a change that you got a dead-on-arrival module, contact Intellijel, perhaps they have a few more ideas of troubleshooting before sending the module back to your dealer

Good luck with the troubleshooting, please keep us updated and kind regards, Garfield.

Edit: Removed typo.

-- GarfieldModular

hello... thanks for the attention GarfieldModular...
i tried all these steps you mentioned... still with the same problem. an unusual situation occurred. when I tried to update the firmware, the update was completed successfully, and the module turned on correctly, everything worked.... however, when I turn off the rack, and turn it on again, it comes back with the same problem... then If I repeat the update procedure, it works again, and when I turn off again, the problem returns... I passed all this information to intellijel, let's wait for their response.

Regarding polyphony, things have changed quite a bit with all the dedicated polyphonic modules lately.

Building a polyphonic modular from separate VCO's, VCA's, VCF's, etc. is no longer necessary. Moreover, these dedicated polyphonic modules often provide ways of controlling the voices without sending separate CV/Gate to each voice. That opens up entirely new workflows, which inevitably result in different music. Many of these modules are also not significantly more expensive than a regular oscillator, nor do they require excessive amounts of modules to support them.

So I'd argue that polyphony is no longer an issue in eurorack, it just often requires a different approach.

Seems like a more limited and convoluted Voltage Block to me.

Thank you for the detailed replies everyone.

I now believe I have a clear path of what I need to take my rack in the direction I want to go.

I think the next module I will go with is Veils after more research. The updated version is really neat!

Although the fx aid xl that Jim mentioned is very very tempting. I've instantly fallen in love with it after seeing a few demos. Is there that much of a difference between the fx aid xl versus the fx aid, aside from the extra CV to control the settings?

I'll be DIYing a few things too, like my case, the aim now is 12U/104HP that I'll slowly be filling over the next few years or so. Could also get away with a DIY stereo mixer, hopefully that's not too bad.

Thanks again!

EDITED Nov 23rd 2021, 05:03

Just seeing this for the first time: https://www.xodes.net/product/pv44

https://www.modulargrid.net/e/xodes-pv44

Looks like 4 sets of 4 voltages, selectable by trigger

If I ran that through 4 lanes of slew then that would be like a 4lane FSS Makrow!?

I use a dual comparator to convert the sine and saw out from a VCO into two kinds of square. Vary the threshold and it varies the pulse-width. Sum several squares with different pulse-width and you get a super-saw thing. Really nice effect to convert a 'plain' sound source into a complex one.

Hi Morellofabio,

• So you did check the module alone in a rack without all the other modules and it still doesn't work?
• Not very likely but if your rack is pretty full with modules you might have reached the maximum power consumption, in that case pull out a few power hungry modules and try again
• You did check the power cable connections on both sides (at the PCB of the module and at the bus board of your rack)? Careful please, it looks like the Plonk doesn't have a boxed pin header so make sure indeed the -12 V (red line) is connect to the PCB where also that white line has been indicated and -12 V has been written. Same goes for the bus board connection
• If that all still doesn't work, try to use a 10-pole power cable from one of your modules you are 100% sure it works and check again
• Now test the other way around, take one of the modules you are 100% sure of that it works, test that module, remember at which bus board header you connected it, does this module indeed work well? It should, right? Okay now remember to take this same bus board header again and now connect your troubled-Plonk module exactly at that bus header, does it work now?
• Still not? Did you try to install the latest firmware? (Again? Perhaps previously went something wrong?)
• Still not? Well there is a change that you got a dead-on-arrival module, contact Intellijel, perhaps they have a few more ideas of troubleshooting before sending the module back to your dealer

Good luck with the troubleshooting, please keep us updated and kind regards, Garfield.

Edit: Removed typo.

EDITED Nov 23rd 2021, 00:47

Hi TumeniKnobs,

Thanks a lot for the extra background info :-) That StarLab module sounds like a fantastic module too! It's not available here (Germany) yet but I have put that on my wish list as well, my wish list is huge... ;-(

I am glad that you like the Iridium so much :-) The price here has gone up quite a bit for the Iridium... I need to wait for a special offer, though some shops do have some Black Friday offers, looks like the music industry here doesn't really seriously follow up on that, hence no real interesting offers...

Till there is a good offer, I am afraid I have to ask you to come up regularly with great tracks were the Iridium (and the StarLab) shines through :-) Thank you very much for this great experience and kind regards, Garfield.

Gotcha well I’m good on buying direct. I did that last year with Mordax Data as they were the only place that had that particular module in stock. Same with Noise Engineering for an LIP and 2hp for their catnip modules. Those sold out quickly too. Sorry to hear about your shipping nightmare Lugia.

Hi Audhentik,

Lovely demo patch about the Arbahr from Instruo. So many modules on my wish list... ;-) It's nice to see it in a video in action!

Thanks a lot for sharing this with us and kind regards, Garfield.

Because Ladik has a pretty small operation, for one. Plus, by direct sales, Ladik doesn't need to do any markup for distribution and the like, so the module prices come out as low as they do by avoiding that. Given the choice between a direct order and going through the erratic shipping channels right now, I'd take the former.

And yeah, shipping is SCREWED at present, and it ain't about those ships off LA. I ordered some 25' snakes and Sweetwater said they'd be here today. Are they? No. Currently, they're stuck at FedEx's Indy facility, and have been since Saturday. And this has happened before this year with Sweetwater shipments.

Definitely the 1u modules get far more powerful at an affordable price point. Love that since I can make a powerful mobile setup. BTW Lugia, I did order the Ladik dual delay trigger module today you advised and I had to buy directly order from Ladik in Europe they are in the Czech Republic I believe since NOT ONE single USA shop sells these modules, why?

Good point. Will change them to assembled. Thanks.

The strategy that seems to work best is to put up the highest price (assembled, in other words), but list the modules as both kit and assembled, then the majority of MG users will get that the stated price is for the prebuild. You never want to pay MORE money...but paying LESS? That's a different story!

My big take on them is that, now that we've got proper basic modules turning up as tiles, you could cram multiple VCOs into a space meant for one...or you can pile up a few of Pulplogic's Cyclic Skews, even cascade those via the EOR patchpoint. $200-ish for a triple LFO/EG/slew limiter? Yes, please!

I'm adding some new modules I have for sale as PCB sets or kits or assembled. Of course that's three very different prices. Not sure which one to be listing on the database.
I started filling out the PCB/Panel price because theyre the most popular, but it's misleading to show something so much different from a non-diy item.

looks f'ing awful to me - too much crammed into to small a space (even thought he space is ok)

less is more - maybe 2-3 voices would be better suited in a case this size

go back to the real mutable modules if you like them and thank Emilie for creating them rather than getting micro versions which are un-ergonomic
-- JimHowell1970

No thanks. Im happy with this build :) lel

thanks to both of you for listening :)

ok do all the other modules work perfectly in the same case at the same time? are you sure the power cable i in correctly - red stripe corresponds with marker on module pcb and bus board? if keyed headers - is the cable correct? red stripe is left when key is facing you (lines up with a tiny, almost invisible triangle) on both ends
-- JimHowell1970

thank you Jim for your attention ..yes .. all these procedures I've already checked! and i even disassembled the entire rack, I tried to turn it on only, and it has the same condition (all lights are on, and the front panel is off).

ok do all the other modules work perfectly in the same case at the same time? are you sure the power cable i in correctly - red stripe corresponds with marker on module pcb and bus board? if keyed headers - is the cable correct? red stripe is left when key is facing you (lines up with a tiny, almost invisible triangle) on both ends

what do you mean by "the front panel doesn't"???

I don't think the plonk will make any sound unless it is triggered!

what other modules do you have? the only rack you have made here is a single small row of 1u which is empty!

-- JimHowell1970
did not turn on the front panel! I have a beatsteppro, other modules too... that's not the problem...
the situation with the plonk that is my doubt. all the lights turn on, but the front panel doesn't, the button that would trigger the trigger doesn't either. when I send trigger, or cv, it also has no reaction.
ps. I'm going to build my case here at MG haha

looks f'ing awful to me - too much crammed into to small a space (even thought he space is ok)

less is more - maybe 2-3 voices would be better suited in a case this size

go back to the real mutable modules if you like them and thank Emilie for creating them rather than getting micro versions which are un-ergonomic

what do you mean by "the front panel doesn't"???

I don't think the plonk will make any sound unless it is triggered!

what other modules do you have? the only rack you have made here is a single small row of 1u which is empty!